Monday 4 July 2011

Plain forms and honorific forms in Korean language

Although we put ~요, it is not polite enough when you talk to elderly or someone is higher than you in your company.


Plain forms
Honorific forms
이름
name
이름이 뭐예요?
What is your name?
성함
name
성함이 어떻게 되세요?
What is your name?
나이
age
나이가  살이에요?
How old are you?
연세
age
연세가 어떻게 되세요?
How old are you?
생일
birthday
오늘은 친구 생일이에요.
Today is my friend’s birthday.
생신
birthday
오늘은 할아버지 생신이에요.
Today is my grandfather’s birthday.
자다
To sleep
아기가 자요.
A baby is sleeping.
주무시다
To sleep
어머니가 주무세요.
My mother is sleeping.
먹다
To eat
동생이 아침을 먹어요.
My younger sis/brother is eating breakfast.
드시다
To eat/drink
잡수시다
To eat
아버지가  차을 드세요.
My father is drinking the tea.
아버지가 점심을 드세요.
My father is eating lunch.
있다
Have/exist/stay
동생이 집에 있어요.
My younger sis/brother is at home.
계시다
Have/exist/stay

어머니가 집에 계세요.
My mother is at home.
말하다
To speak/talk
친구가 말해요.
My friend is talking

말씀하시다
To speak/talk
선생님이 말씀하세요.
The teacher is talking.
죽다
die
남자가 죽었어요.
That man died.
돌아가시다
die
할아버지가 돌아가셨어요.
My grandfather passed away.
배고프다
hungry
저는 배가 고파요.
I am hungry.
시장하시다
hungry
할머니가 시장하세요.
My grandmother is hungry.
아프다
Be sick
동생이 아파요.
My younger sis/brother is sick
편찮으시다
Be sick
할머니가 편찮으세요.
My grandmother is sick.
주다
To give
동생한테 케이크를 줘요.
I give a cake to my younger sis/borhter.
드리다
To give
할머니께 케이크를 드려요.
I give a cake to my grandmother.


Plain nouns
Meaning
Honorific form-nouns
아들
son
아드님
daughter
따님
/ (한테)
Subject particle / to
house
So, Greetings are honorific forms.
많이 드세요. (Please eat more)
안녕히 주무세요. (Good night)
손님, 말씀하세요. (Customer, please speak)

Reading individual consonants' names

When you give your name in English, sometimes we give "O" for Osaka!
When Korean gives name or new words that 3rd party cannot get it right, we say this way..
Ebony= 애보니가 아니에요. 에=어+이예요.
배현경이에요. - 경?, ㅋ(키옄)이 아니고 ㄱ(기역)이에요.



Consonants
Name in Korean
Name in English
기역
g(K)iyeok
니은
Nieun
디귿
d(T)igeut
리을
Rieul
미음
Mieum
비읍
Pieup
시옷
siot
이응
ieung
지읒
jieut
치읓
chieut
키읔
kieut
티읕
tieut
피읖
pieup
히읗
hieut